长工作时间固体火箭发动机高精度性能试验架研制

叙述了长工作时间固体火箭发动机高精度性能试验架的结构、特点和安装、调试、试验结果，表明该类试验架结构安全可靠，性能满足标准规定，使用效果良好，解决了长工作时间发动机高精度推力测试技术的难题，可作为改进试验技术水平、提高试验可靠性的借鉴。     

直连式冲压喷气发动机试车台扩大试验范围的一种方法

用“离心式喷嘴加工误差造成量偏差”的经验公式改造试车台加热器喷嘴,提高试车台加热能力,并对空气流量加大后的稳定段作用是否受影响及测量段的压力和温度场变化进行分析,扩大了试车台试验范围,满足了冲压喷气发动机的试验要求。     

合成水溶性酚醛树脂用催化剂的选择研究

通过理论分析和实验总结,研究了不同种类的碱性催化剂对酚醛树脂水溶性的影响,最后确定同时使用某种叔胺类化合物和少量氢氧化钡作为合成水溶性酚醛树脂的催化剂.在适宜的反应条件下,制得了游离酚含量和游离甲醛含量均较小的水溶性酚醛树脂.这种水溶性酚醛树脂可用于电气绝缘等诸方面.     

Photoinduced catalytic synthesis of biologically important metabolites from formaldehyde and ammonia under plausible “prebiotic” conditions

The article analyzes new and previously reported data on several catalytic and photochemical processes yielding biologically important molecules. UV-irradiation of formaldehyde aqueous solution yields acetaldehyde, glyoxal, glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde, which can serve as precursors of more complex biochemically relevant compounds. Photolysis of aqueous solution of acetaldehyde and ammonium nitrate results in formation of alanine and pyruvic acid. Dehydration of glyceraldehyde catalyzed by zeolite HZSM-5-17 yields pyruvaldehyde. Monosaccharides are formed in the course of the phosphate-catalyzed aldol condensation reactions of glycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde and formaldehyde. The possibility of the direct synthesis of tetroses, keto- and aldo-pentoses from pure formaldehyde due to the combination of the photochemical production of glycolahyde and phosphate-catalyzed carbohydrate chain growth is demonstrated. Erythrulose and 3-pentulose are the main products of such combined synthesis with selectivity up to 10%. Biologically relevant aldotetroses, aldo- and ketopentoses are more resistant to the photochemical destruction owing to the stabilization in hemiacetal cyclic forms. They are formed as products of isomerization of erythrulose and 3-pentulose. The conjugation of the concerned reactions results in a plausible route to the formation of sugars, amino and organic acids from formaldehyde and ammonia under presumed ‘prebiotic’ conditions.     

Ground-based Investigations of Atomic Oxygen Erosion Behaviors of Silver and Ion-implanted Silver

Silver foils and ion-implanted silver foils exposed to atomic oxygen (AO) generated in a ground simulation facility were investi-gated by the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental results show the presence of Ag2O and AgO in an oxidation process of the silver foil having exposure to AO. As soon as silver comes under the bombardment of atomic oxygen, the oxidation process starts with a thick film forming on the silver surface. Because of the development of stresses, the oxide layer gets cracked and spalled, which leads to appearance of a new silver surface intensifying further oxidation. At last, AgO begins to form on the outer surface of the oxide film. The analytical results of the XPS and the AES attest to formation of a continuous high-quality protective oxide-based layer on the surface of ion-implanted silver films after exposure to AO. This layer can well protect materials in question from erosion.     

不同铋化合物对双基系推进剂燃烧性能的影响

为研究环境友好型非铅类绿色燃烧催化剂的燃烧催化效果,对比5种不同铋化合物对双基系推进剂燃烧性能的影响.结果表明,芳香族的铋化物对双基推进剂有良好的催化作用,S-Gal-Bi对双基推进剂的燃烧催化效率最好,β-Bi可有效降低双基推进剂的压强指数.当含铋化合物双基推进剂中加入少量炭黑(CB)后,各催化剂的燃烧催化效率明显增强.β-Bi和CB复合,既能显著提高低压下的燃烧催化效率,又能降低高压下的压强指数.β-Bi/β-Cu/CB的复合不仅能提高双基推进剂低压下的燃速,而且也能使推进剂在高压区出现平台燃烧效应.S-Gal-Bi/CB的加入大大提高了RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃速,并显著降低了推进剂的压强指数,与少量的铜盐复合后推进剂燃速提高更多.     

武器装备体系评估理论与方法的探索与实践

针对武器装备体系评估的需要,围绕体系仿真试验床,提出了基于复杂系统的体系理解、面向整个武器装备体系、坚持联合作战背景、重在体系贡献度量、采用复杂科学方法手段、依托积累的模型和实演的数据、建立全新的体系实验框架、达成辅助高层决策目的等8条新理念,讨论了多重循环实验、体系指标挖掘、网状指标体系、能力状态测量、动态体系模型、焦点接入、基线实验评估、方案智能对接、大数据超网分析、结果多维比对、体系贡献度量、洞察辅助决策等12项关键技术。     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

基于模糊综合评判的试验台故障诊断方法

提出了基于数据融合的模糊综合评判试验台故障诊断方法,该方法利用模糊输入向量和模糊关系矩阵的广义合成运算和最大隶属度原则,根据各故障原因与故障征兆之间不同程度的因果关系,在综合考虑所有征兆的基础上,对试验台进行故障诊断,并且利用模糊综合评判系数,给出故障诊断结果的可信度等级。通过对某型试验台氧系统14种故障的诊断结果验证了该方法有效性,A级正确率高于90％。     

Ni-Fe-P 合金催化制备螺旋碳纤维

采用化学镀法在石墨基体表面沉积出Ni-Fe-P合金催化剂,通过SEM、XRD、EDX对合金催化剂进行分析表征.通过CVD法,以热处理后的Ni-Fe-P合金作为催化剂,噻吩为助催化剂,乙炔为碳源,反应温度为650℃条件下成功制备出螺旋碳纤维.研究发现所得产物全部为尺寸、形貌规整的双螺旋碳纤维,纤维长度达到毫米级,螺旋直径及单根纤维直径分别为2～3 μm、0.5～0.8μm.